FM definitions for NLM9.20.00


Anatomical cluster (49443)
is an anatomical structure, which consists of a set of organs, organ parts or body part subdivisions; members of the set are adjacent to, or continuous with one another; do not constitute an organ, organ system, or body part.
adnexa of uterus, root of lung, renal pedicle, back.
Anatomical conduit (9338)
is a body space, which connects two or more body spaces with one another; is surrounded by subdivisions of two or more organs; contains subdivisions of organs, or one or more body substances.
intervertebral foramen (canal), pharyngotympanic tube, inguinal canal, carpal canal, superior thoracic aperture, pelvic inlet.
Anatomical entity (12820)
is a physical entity, which forms the whole or a component of the structural organization of a biological organism; or is a conceptual entity, which is an attribute of the structural organization of such an organism. In the Digital Anatomist Foundational Model the organism is the human body.
cell, heart, head, peritoneal cavity, apex of lung, anatomical term, sagittal plane.
Anatomical feature (7314)
is a one-, or two-, or three-dimensional non-material physical anatomical entity which is a modulation of the external or internal surface, or of the internal organizational pattern, of body parts, organs and organ parts.
facet, surface, margin, border, apex, pole, hilum, tubercle, spine, gyrus, sulcus, metameric segmentation, multipennate fascicular architecture, acinar architecture.
Anatomical junction (5898)
is an anatomical structure in which two or more anatomical structures establish physical continuity with one another or intermingle their component parts.
brachial plexus, optic chiasm, anococcygeal raphe, linea alba, anus, gastroesophageal junction, pylorus, knee joint.
Anatomical line (9657)
is a one-dimensional non-material physical anatomical entity, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
inferior margin of liver, arcuate line of hip bone, right coronary sulcus (line), semilunar line, linea aspera.
Anatomical structure (3708)
is a material physical anatomical entity, which is an object generated by the coordinated expression of groups of genes; it consists of parts that are themselves anatomical structures. The parts are spatially related to one another according to patterns which are also affected by coordinated gene expression. The largest anatomical structure is the whole organism.
heart, right ventricle, mitral valve, myocardium, endothelium, lymphocyte, fibroblast, thorax, cardiovascular system.
Anatomical surface (24137)
is a two-dimensional non-material physical anatomical entity, which forms a boundary of an anatomical structure or body space.
surface of heart, costal surface of right lung, internal surface of fundus of stomach, surface of back of neck, epigastric region, atrioventricular groove, tympanic sulcus.
Artery (30313)
is a blood vessel of macroscopic dimensions, the lumen of which is continuous with the ventricles of the heart, directly or indirectly through branches of the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
bronchial artery, renal artery, anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, truncus anterior of right pulmonary artery.
Blood vessel (viewed macroscopically) (3709)
is an organ subdivision which is an elongated, tubular structure, the lumen of which is continuous with the cavity of the heart, directly or indirectly through the branches of arteries and the tributaries of veins; together with other blood vessels and the heart, it constitutes the cardiovascular system.
aorta, pulmonary trunk, coronary artery, superior vena cava, renal artery, renal vein.
Body cavity (7563)
is a compartment, which is located in the trunk, enclosed by the body wall and contains serous sacs, viscera and other organs; is embryologically derived from the intraembryonic celom.
There is only one body cavity; it is a canonical instance of compartment.
Body cavity subdivision (12236)
is a compartment that is a part of the body cavity; it is enclosed by a body wall subdivision and is demarcated from another body cavity subdivision by an anatomical structure or a conduit, it contains one or more serous sacs, viscera and other organs; together with the other body cavity subdivisions, it constitutes the body cavity.
Canonical instances: thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity.
Body part (7153)
is an anatomical structure, which consists of members of diverse subclasses of organ or organ part, which include a set of bones; it is partially surrounded by a subdivision of skin; together with all other body parts, a body part constitutes the human body.
Canonical instances are limited to head, neck, trunk, and right and left upper and lower limbs.
Body part subdivision (18280)
is an anatomical structure, which is a subdivision of a body part; it may exclude bones; it is partially surrounded by a subdivision of skin; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same body part by anatomical surfaces or lines or topographical references; together with other contiguous body part subdivisions, it constitutes a body part.
nose, ear, thorax, back of neck, forearm, hand, phalanx, perineum, scrotum.
Body region (57772)
is an anatomical surface that is demarcated by anatomical landmarks or anatomical lines on the external or internal surfaces of anatomical structures. It serves the purpose of topographical description, and contains surface projections of anatomical structures and spatial entities that are located subjacent to the area.
frontal region of head, anterior cervical region, precordium, mammary region, epigastric region, palmar surface.
Body space (5897)
is a three-dimensional non-material physical anatomical entity, which is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more body substances or anatomical structures.
celom, thoracic cavity, lesser sac of peritoneum, cavity of right atrium, lumen of aorta, mediastinum, anterior compartment of forearm, intervertebral foramen, osseous labyrinth.
Body substance (9669)
is a material physical anatomical entity which is a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid substance, with or without the admixture of cells; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that become modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
intercellular matrix, endolymph, saliva, semen, growth hormone, cerebrospinal fluid, inhaled air, urine, feces, blood, lymph.
Body wall (10427)
is a body part subdivision that consists of those organs that separate the body cavity from the body's exterior. Together with the body cavity and its contents, the body wall constitutes the trunk (one of the principal body parts).
There is only one body wall; it is an instance of anatomical structure.
Body wall subdivision (10426)
is a body part subdivision, which consists of those organs that separate a body cavity subdivision from the body's exterior. Together with a body cavity subdivision and its contents, a body wall subdivision constitutes the thorax, abdomen or pelvis (body parts).
thoracic wall, abdominal wall.
Bone (organ) (5018)
is an organ with cavitated organ parts; it primarily consists of bone tissue organized into compact (cortical) and cancellous bone (macroscopic organ components) and contains bone marrow; together with other bones, cartilages and joints, it constitutes the skeletal system.
femur, sternum, maxilla, vertebra, talus.
Brain (50801)
is an organ subdivision that consists of neural tissue (which is organized into gray matter and white matter) and the cerebral ventricular system (cavity of organ part); it is embryologically derived from the rostral part of the neural tube; together with the spinal cord, the brain constitutes the organ neuroaxis.
There is only one brain.
Cavity of organ part (24034)
is a body space, which is surrounded by an organ part; is separated from the cavity or lumen of other organ parts of the same organ by anatomical structures.
cavity of right atrium, cavity of alveolar sac, medullary cavity of long bone, bone marrow cavity of cancellous bone.
Cell (9901)
is an anatomical structure that consists of organelles and is "the fundamental structural and functional unit of living organisms" (UMLS); together with other cells and intercellular matrix, it constitutes tissues.
lymphocyte, fibroblast, neuron.
Compartment (9647)
is a body space, which is surrounded by subdivisions of two or more organs; it contains two or more organs or organ subdivisions that are members of two or more organ subclasses.
mediastinum, middle ear, anterior compartment of forearm, palm of hand (compartment), intercostal space, vertebral canal.
Conceptual anatomical entity (12822)
is an anatomical entity that has no spatial dimension.
anatomical term, sagittal plane, midclavicular line, anatomical location, spatial adjacency, anterior.
Duct (organ) (7392)
is an organ with an organ cavity, the organ parts of which constitute a tube which conveys air, secretions or gametes between organs and body spaces or connects these entities with the body's exterior.
lacrimal duct, pharyngotympanic tube, ductus (vas) deferens, ureter.
Fascia (organ) (5023)
is a nonparenchymatous organ that consists of organ parts composed of various types of connective tissue; it surrounds and interconnects various organs and body parts, and establishes the anatomical integrity of body parts and organ systems.
superficial fascia, investing fascia, fat pad.
Free limb (24875)
is a subdivision of a limb that consists of skin, fascia, bones, joints, muscles, vessels and nerves that constitute the distal segments of the limb; together with the limb girdle, it constitutes the limb.
There are only four instances, right and left free upper limb, right and left free lower limb.
Free lower limb (24879)
is a free limb that is connected to the pelvis by the pelvic girdle; together with the pelvic girdle, it constitutes the lower limb.
There are only two instances, right and left free lower limb.
Free upper limb (24878)
is a free limb that is connected to the thorax by the pectoral girdle; together with the pectoral girdle, it constitutes the upper limb.
There are only two instances, right and left free upper limb.
Ganglion (5884)
is a segment of nerve, which primarily consists of cell bodies of neurons located outside the central nervous system; together with nerve fibers, it constitutes a nerve or a nerve plexus.
spinal ganglion, trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, celiac ganglion, inferior hypogastric (pelvic) ganglion.
Gland (organ) (7146)
is an organ, some organ parts of which constitute lobes, lobules, acini, or cortex and medulla, and are composed of microscopic secretory units that discharge their secretions either directly into the circulation, or through a duct system into an organ cavity or to the body's exterior.
endocrine gland (organ), exocrine gland (organ), mixed exocrine-endocrine gland (organ).
Human body (20394)
is an anatomical structure, which is the aggregate manifestation of an individual member of the species Homo sapiens; it is completely surrounded by skin.
The Human body is the entire subject of study. There is only one.
Joint (organ) (7490)
is an organ that constitutes an anatomical junction; it consists of two or more adjacent bones, parts of which are interconnected by organ parts that consist of various types of connective tissue. Together with other joints and bones, a joint constitutes the skeletal system.
pubic symphysis, knee joint, temporomandibular joint.
Limb girdle (24874)
is a subdivision of a limb that consists of bones, joints, muscles, vessels and nerves that constitute the proximal segment of limb and link the free distal segment of a limb to the trunk; together with the free limb, it constitutes the limb.
There are only four instances, right and left pectoral girdle, right and left pelvic girdle.
Lymphatic vessel (30315)
is a subdivision of a lymphatic tree, the lumen (organ cavity) of which is continuous with the lumen of veins, directly or indirectly; it conveys lymph from organs and body parts to lymph nodes and veins; together with other lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes, it constitutes the lymphatic system.
bronchomediastinal lymph duct, thoracic duct.
Material physical anatomical entity (49446)
is a physical anatomical entity which has mass.
hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine.
Membrane (organ) (7145)
is an nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue organized into a sheet which interconnects two or more organs, separates two or more body spaces from one another, or surrounds an organ or body part.
thyrohyoid membrane, obturator membrane, tympanic membrane, fibrous pericardium, dura mater, [but not organ parts that include in their name the term "membrane" (e.g., anterior intercostal membrane, membranous interventricular septum); they are not organs in their own right].
Mesentery (7144)
is a sheet-like subdivision of a serous sac (organ subdivision) composed of a double layer of serous membrane that suspends a viscus from the body wall or connects adjacent viscera and in doing so conveys blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves to and from the viscera.
greater omentum, broad ligament of uterus, sigmoid mesocolon.
Muscle (organ) (5022)
is a nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of skeletal muscle tissue aggregated into macroscopic fasciculi by connective tissue; together with other muscles, it constitutes the muscular system; the spatial arrangement of the fasciculi determines the shape of a muscle and the forces it is capable of exerting.
biceps, diaphragm, masseter (but not some of the organ parts that include in their name the term "muscle" e.g., papillary muscle of heart, detrusor muscle of bladder, superior constrictor of pharynx); they are not organs in their own right.
Nerve (5025)
is a subdivision of a neural tree that primarily consists of nerve fibers aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue to form an elongated, cable-like organ; together with other nerves and nerve plexuses it constitutes the neural tree.
radial nerve, sciatic nerve, vagus, chorda tympani, phrenic nerve, pelvic splanchnic nerve.
Nerve plexus (5901)
is a plexus which consists of subdivisions of two or more nerves, which are interconnected with one another to form a network through which nerve fibers of the constituent nerves of the plexus become regrouped; together with other nerve plexuses and nerves, it constitutes the neural tree.
brachial plexus, cardiac plexus, inferior hypogastric plexus.
Non-material physical anatomical entity (49447)
is a physical anatomical which has no mass.
cranial cavity, peritoneal cavity, inguinal canal, epiploic foramen, diaphragmatic surface of heart, inferior margin of liver, apex of lung.
Organ (7089)
is an anatomical structure, which consists of the maximal set of organ parts so connected to one another that together they constitute a self-contained unit of macroscopic anatomy, morphologically distinct from other such units; together with other organs, an organ constitutes an organ system or a body part. An organ is divisible into organ parts but not organs.
femur, biceps, liver, heart, skin, tracheobronchial tree, fascia (organ), ovary.
Organ cavity (12237)
is a body space, which is surrounded by all morphological parts of an organ; is continuous within the organ; contains one or more body substances.
pericardial cavity, cavity of stomach, uterine cavity.
Organ cavity subdivision (9337)
is a body space, which is surrounded by a morphological subdivision of an organ; is continuous with other organ cavity subdivisions of the same organ; together with other organ cavity subdivisions, it constitutes the organ cavity.
oblique sinus of pericardial cavity, pyloric antrum, costodiaphragmatic recess, cervical canal of uterus, cavity of body of gall bladder.
Organ component (14065)
is an organ part, which consist of a principal and one or more subsidiary tissues; is divisible into basic tissues; connected to other organ components, it constitutes an organ subdivision.
osteon, acinus, submucosa, capillary, papillary muscle, anterior leaflet of mitral valve, capsule of kidney, cortical bone, muscle fasciculus, anterior rootlet of spinal nerve.
Organ part (9898)
is an anatomical structure, which consists of one or more types of cells, aggregated into anatomical structures of increasing size and structural complexity; it is divisible into other organ parts, the smallest of which is tissue; together with other contiguous organ parts, it constitutes an organ.
endothelium, osteon, cortical bone, neck of femur, bronchopulmonary segment, left lobe of liver, anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, right atrium, mitral valve.
Organ subdivision (10466)
is an organ part, which consists of two or more organ components; is divisible into organ components; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same organ by one or more anatomical lines, anatomical surfaces or anatomical structures; connected to other subdivisions of the same organ, it constitutes an organ.
right atrium, mitral valve, left lobe of liver, neck of femur, short head of biceps, arch of aorta.
Organ subdivision cluster (14462)
is an anatomical cluster which consists of some members of two or more organ subdivision subclasses which are grouped together according to some structural relationship.
root of lung, neurovascular bundle, renal pedicle, fascia of back.
Organ system (7149)
is an anatomical structure, which consists of members of predominantly one organ subclass; these members are interconnected by zones of continuity.
skeletal system, cardiovascular system, alimentary system.
Organ system subdivision (7479)
is an anatomical structure, which consists of a specific set of the members of (predominantly) one organ subclass interconnected by zones of continuity; is demarcated from other subdivisions of the same organ system by one or more zones of continuity or anatomical lines; together with other subdivisions of the same organ system, it constitutes an organ system.
rib cage, facial skeleton, portal system, upper respiratory tract, muscle group of back.
Orifice (3724)
is an anatomical conduit that connects two adjacent body spaces; it is surrounded by two or more subdivisions of two or more organs.
right atrioventricular orifice, orifice of artery, hilum of kidney, porta hepatis.
Pectoral girdle (23217)
is a limb girdle which link the free upper limb to the trunk; together with the free upper limb, it constitutes the upper limb.
There are only two instances, right and left pectoral girdles.
Pelvic girdle (16581)
is a limb girdle which link the free lower limb to the trunk; together with the free lower limb, it constitutes the lower limb.
There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdles.
Physical anatomical entity (12821)
is an anatomical entity which has three or fewer spatial dimensions.
hemoglobin molecule, mitochondrion, hepatocyte, erythrocyte, heart, head, blood, urine, peritoneal cavity, diaphragmatic surface of heart, inferior margin of liver, apex of lung.
Serous cavity (12241)
is an organ cavity that is enclosed by a serous membrane and contains serous fluid.
pleural cavity, peritoneal cavity, subdeltoid bursa, synovial cavity of hip joint.
Serous cavity subdivision (9336)
is an organ cavity subdivision that is a part of a serous cavity, demarcated from other serous cavity subdivisions by one or more anatomical structures or anatomical surfaces; together with other serous cavity subdivisions, it constitutes the serous cavity.
costodiaphragmatic recess, oblique sinus of pericardial cavity, lesser sac of peritoneum, suprapatellar bursa.
Serous membrane (9581)
is an organ component that consists of mesothelium and dense connective tissue; together with another serous membrane, it forms a serous sac that encloses a serous cavity.
pleura, serous pericardium, peritoneum.
Serous sac (9689)
is an organ with organ cavity, which consists of continuous serous membranes that surround a serous cavity, some organ parts of that constitute a serous membrane, which surrounds a serous cavity.
pleural sac, pericardial sac, tendon sheath, bursa.
Skin (7163)
is a non-parenchymatous organ that consists of the dermis, epidermis and skin appendages. Subdivisions of the skin surround various body parts; as a whole, the skin constitutes the external layer of the body.
There is only one skin; it is an instance of organ.
Spinal cord (7647)
is an organ subdivision that consists of neural tissue (which is organized into gray matter and white matter) and the central canal (cavity of organ part); it is embryologically derived from the caudal part of the neural tube. Together with the brain, the spinal cord constitutes the neuroaxis.
There is only one spinal cord; it is an instance of organ subdivision of neuroaxis.
Tissue (9637)
is an organ part, which consists of similarly specialized cells and intercellular matrix, aggregated according to genetically determined spatial relationships; together with other tissues, it constitutes an organ component.
epithelium, muscle (tissue), connective tissue, neural tissue, lymphoid tissue.
Tooth (12516)
is an organ with a cavity, the organ parts of which primarily consist of dentine and dental enamel; together with other teeth it constitutes a dental arcade.
incisor, molar.
Vein (30314)
is a blood vessel of macroscopic dimensions, the lumen of which is continuous with the atria of the heart, directly or indirectly through tributaries of the venae cavae, pulmonary veins and the hepatic and portal veins.
coronary sinus, posterior intercostal vein, renal vein, basal vein of right lung, inferior mesenteric vein.
Vestibule (20192)
is a body space that connects an anatomical cavity to the exterior; it is completely or partially surrounded by anatomical structures that are lined by epithelium.
oral cavity, nasal cavity, vestibule of vagina.
Viscus (7085)
is an organ that is located within the body cavity (or in its extension, in the scrotum); it consists of organ parts that are embryologically derived from endoderm, splanchnic mesoderm or intermediate mesoderm; together with other organs, the viscus constitutes the respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive and immune systems, or is the central organ of the cardiovascular system.
heart, lung, esophagus, kidney, ovary, spleen.

FMA Definitions page generated at Thu Sep 21 08:23:13 2000.